CSS Flexbox Guide

Here’s your complete CSS Flexbox Guide — ideal for beginners and intermediate web developers looking to master layout with Flexbox!

🧱 What is Flexbox?

Flexbox (Flexible Box Layout) is a one-dimensional layout system in CSS that helps you design layouts where elements align and distribute space dynamically — either horizontally (row) or vertically (column).

Flexbox is perfect for:

  • Navigation bars

  • Cards in rows or columns

  • Centering elements

  • Equal-height columns

🧩 Flexbox Terminology

TermDescription
Flex ContainerThe parent element with display: flex
Flex ItemsThe direct children of the flex container
Main AxisDirection items are placed in (row by default)
Cross AxisPerpendicular to main axis

⚙️ Step 1: Set Up a Flex Container

css
.container { display: flex; }

By default, items will be placed in a row (horizontally).

🧭 Step 2: Direction and Wrapping

css
.container { flex-direction: row | column | row-reverse | column-reverse; flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse; }

  • row (default): Left to right

  • column: Top to bottom

  • wrap: Items wrap to next line when needed

🎯 Step 3: Main Axis Alignment

css
.container { justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | space-evenly; }

Aligns items horizontally (main axis).

🎯 Step 4: Cross Axis Alignment

css
.container { align-items: stretch | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline; }

Aligns items vertically (cross axis).

🧱 Step 5: Aligning Individual Items

css
.item { align-self: auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch; }

Overrides align-items for just one item.

📐 Step 6: Controlling Item Size & Growth

css
.item { flex-grow: 1; /* grows to fill space */ flex-shrink: 1; /* shrinks when needed */ flex-basis: 200px; /* default size before growing/shrinking */ }

Or shorthand:

css
.item { flex: 1 0 200px; /* grow | shrink | basis */ }

⬆️ Order of Items

css
.item { order: 2; }

  • Default is 0. Lower numbers come first.

💡 Common Layouts with Flexbox

✅ Center Anything

css
.container { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }

✅ Equal Width Columns

css
.container { display: flex; } .item { flex: 1; }

✅ Responsive Wrapping Grid

css
.container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem; } .item { flex: 1 1 200px; }

🧪 Try It Live (Free Tools)

🧠 Pro Tips

  • Use gap instead of margin between flex items (modern browsers)

  • Use min-width and max-width for responsive flexibility

  • Combine flex with media queries for responsive design

  • Don’t mix float and flexbox — it’s cleaner without float

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