Micro Frontends

Micro Frontends

Micro Frontends is a modern architectural approach in frontend development where a web application is split into smaller, independent pieces (micro-applications) that are developed, deployed, and maintained independently, much like microservices in the backend.

šŸ” What Are Micro Frontends?

Micro Frontends = Microservices for the frontend.

Instead of building a single monolithic frontend application, you break it down by features or teams. Each team owns an end-to-end slice of the application ā€” from database to user interface ā€” including the frontend.

šŸ§© Key Principles

  1. De-centralized development: Each team builds and deploys its own frontend module.

  2. Technology agnostic: Teams can use different frontend frameworks (React, Vue, Angular, etc.) if needed.

  3. Independent deployments: No need to redeploy the whole frontend to update one feature.

  4. Isolation: Styles and JavaScript are isolated to avoid conflicts.

šŸ—ļø Architecture Approaches

1. Build-Time Integration

  • All micro frontends are combined into a single bundle during build time.

  • Pros: Easier implementation.

  • Cons: Loses some deployment independence.

2. Run-Time Integration

  • Each micro frontend is loaded dynamically at runtime.

  • Methods: iframes, JavaScript imports, or using Module Federation in Webpack 5.

  • More flexible and truly independent.

šŸ› ļø Tools & Technologies

  • Webpack Module Federation (most popular for runtime integration)

  • Single-SPA (framework for micro frontend orchestration)

  • Module Federation + React/Vue/Angular

  • Bit.dev (component-level federation)

  • Nx Monorepos (for managing multiple micro frontends)

āœ… Advantages

  • Faster development (multiple teams working in parallel)

  • Easier scalability and maintenance

  • Incremental upgrades (e.g., migrate Angular to React gradually)

  • Independent deployment cycles

āŒ Challenges

  • Complex setup and DevOps

  • Shared state management is tricky

  • Larger initial load time if not optimized

  • Cross-app communication and routing

šŸ”„ Real-World Use Cases

  • E-commerce platforms with teams handling search, product detail, cart, etc.

  • Enterprise dashboards with different departments managing different panels

  • Large SaaS products scaling frontend teams efficiently

šŸ§Ŗ Example

javascript
// Host app loading remote app via Module Federation
import('remoteApp/Header').then((HeaderModule) => {
const Header = HeaderModule.default;
document.body.appendChild(Header());
});

šŸ‘Øā€šŸ’» When to Use Micro Frontends?

Use them when:

  • You have multiple frontend teams working on a large project.

  • Independent deployments are critical.

  • You want to gradually migrate tech stacks.

Avoid them for:

  • Small or medium-sized projects.

  • Teams with limited DevOps experience.

If you want, I can:

  • Create a micro frontend starter project with Webpack Module Federation or Single-SPA.

  • Help you choose the right architecture for your use case.

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