Serverless Architecture

Serverless Architecture

ā˜ļø What is Serverless Architecture?

Serverless architecture is a cloud-native design pattern where you write and deploy code without managing the underlying servers. Your app is split into small, event-driven functions that scale automatically and only run when triggered.

āœ… ā€œServerlessā€ doesn’t mean no servers ā€” it means you don’t manage them.

šŸ”§ How Serverless Works

  1. You write functions (e.g., sendEmail, getUserData)

  2. Deploy to a cloud provider like AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, Vercel, or Netlify

  3. The provider:

    • Handles provisioning, scaling, patching

    • Executes your function on demand

    • Bills only for usage, not uptime

šŸš€ Key Benefits

FeatureDescription
šŸ’ø Pay-as-you-goBilled per invocation/memory/time
šŸ“¦ Auto-scalingHandles thousands of concurrent requests automatically
šŸ”’ Zero server maintenanceNo patching, provisioning, or scaling needed
āš” Fast time to marketFocus only on writing code
šŸ§© Event-drivenGreat for APIs, background jobs, file processing, etc.

šŸ§° Popular Serverless Providers

ProviderService Name
šŸŸ” AWSLambda
šŸ”µ Google CloudCloud Functions
šŸŸ£ AzureAzure Functions
šŸŸ¢ VercelServerless Functions
šŸŸ  NetlifyNetlify Functions
šŸŸ¤ CloudflareWorkers

šŸ§  Common Use Cases

  • šŸ” Authentication handlers

  • šŸ“¤ File/image uploads & processing

  • šŸ“” APIs (REST/GraphQL)

  • šŸ“§ Sending emails/SMS

  • šŸ§® Background tasks (ETL, data processing)

  • ā° Scheduled jobs (CRON)

  • šŸ›’ Payment processing hooks (Stripe, Razorpay)

šŸ› ļø Example (AWS Lambda + API Gateway)

Lambda Function (Node.js):

js
exports.handler = async (event) => { return { statusCode: 200, body: JSON.stringify({ message: "Hello from Lambda!" }), }; };

Triggered by: HTTP request via API Gateway

āš–ļø Pros vs. Cons

āœ… ProsāŒ Cons
No infrastructure managementCold starts (on first request)
Auto-scalingHarder to debug
Low cost for small/medium workloadsStateful apps are complex
Built-in redundancyVendor lock-in risk
Fast deploymentLimited execution time (~15 mins on AWS)

šŸ“¦ Serverless vs Traditional Backend

FeatureServerlessTraditional Backend
DeploymentPer functionFull app
ScalingAutomaticManual or via autoscaling groups
CostPay per executionPay for uptime
ArchitectureStatelessStateful or hybrid
DevOpsMinimalRequired

šŸ”§ Popular Frameworks for Serverless Apps

FrameworkDescription
šŸ§± Serverless FrameworkWorks with AWS, Azure, Google, etc.
āš” VercelPerfect for Next.js and frontend hosting
šŸ”„ Firebase FunctionsGreat for mobile/web apps
šŸ”— Netlify FunctionsGreat for JAMstack sites
šŸ“¦ BeginLightweight, for AWS Lambda
šŸ§Ŗ ArchitectFast development with AWS Lambda

šŸ“š Resources to Learn More

āœ… Summary

  • Great for: APIs, microservices, automation, backend tasks

  • Not ideal for: Long-running, stateful apps (e.g., video conferencing, game servers)

  • Best tool for JAMstack and modern scalable apps

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