Web Assembly

Web Assembly

šŸ§© What is WebAssembly (WASM)?

WebAssembly (WASM) is a low-level, binary format that allows code written in languages like C, C++, Rust, Go, etc. to run in the browser at near-native speed ā€” alongside JavaScript.

āœ… Itā€™s designed for performance-heavy applications like video editing, gaming, 3D rendering, and more ā€” right inside the browser.

šŸš€ Why Use WebAssembly?

BenefitDescription
āš” High PerformanceRuns at near-native speed in the browser
šŸŒ Cross-Language SupportCompile from C, C++, Rust, Go, etc.
šŸ§  Browser CompatibilitySupported in all modern browsers
šŸ” Safe and SandboxedRuns securely in a browser sandbox
šŸ§© Works with JSYou can call WASM from JavaScript and vice versa

šŸ§± Use Cases for WebAssembly

  • šŸŽ® Games (e.g., Unity, Unreal Engine games on the web)

  • šŸŽ„ Video/audio processing

  • šŸ§® Scientific computing & simulations

  • šŸ§¬ Image recognition / machine learning

  • šŸ“ CAD, 3D modeling

  • šŸ§° Porting native desktop apps to the web

šŸ§‘ā€šŸ’» Example: JS + WASM in Action

Letā€™s say you have a C function:

c
// add.c
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

āœ… Compile to WebAssembly using Emscripten:

bash
emcc add.c -s WASM=1 -o add.js

This gives you add.wasm and add.js, which you can then use in the browser.

āœ… Load WASM in JavaScript:

js
fetch('add.wasm')
.then(response => response.arrayBuffer())
.then(bytes => WebAssembly.instantiate(bytes))
.then(result => {
const add = result.instance.exports.add;
console.log(add(3, 4)); // 7
});

šŸ”§ Tools for Building with WASM

Tool / LanguageDescription
EmscriptenCompile C/C++ to WASM
Rust + wasm-packBest-in-class for WebAssembly projects
AssemblyScriptWrite WASM using TypeScript-like syntax
Go (TinyGo)Compile Go to WebAssembly
Blazor WebAssembly.NET C# apps running in the browser (via WASM)

šŸ“¦ WASM vs JavaScript

FeatureWebAssemblyJavaScript
PerformancešŸš€ Faster (compiled)šŸ¢ Slower (interpreted)
Language SupportC, C++, Rust, Go, etc.JS only
Use CaseCPU-intensive tasksUI, logic, dynamic rendering
Interoperabilityāœ… Works with JSNative
Learning CurvešŸ§  SteeperšŸ˜Š Easier

šŸ›‘ Limitations of WebAssembly

  • āŒ Canā€™t directly access the DOM (needs JS glue code)

  • šŸ§© Complex debugging and tooling compared to JS

  • šŸ“¦ Larger bundle sizes if not optimized

  • šŸ› ļø Need a build pipeline (not handwritten)

āœ… When Should You Use WebAssembly?

ScenarioWASM Recommended?
Build a blog or landing pageāŒ No
Real-time video editorāœ… Yes
Run AI in browserāœ… Yes
Web-based game engineāœ… Yes
Standard web form or UIāŒ Stick to JavaScript

šŸ”— Learn WebAssembly

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