Web Components

web-components

What Are Web Components?

Web Components are a set of modern web platform APIs that allow you to create reusable, encapsulated, custom HTML elements. They work natively in all major browsers without needing a JavaScript framework like React or Vue.

🛠️ Core Technologies of Web Components

ComponentDescription
Custom ElementsDefine your own HTML tags using JavaScript
Shadow DOMEncapsulates styles and markup to avoid conflicts
HTML TemplatesDefine HTML chunks that aren’t rendered until used

✅ Benefits of Web Components

  • ♻️ Reusable across projects and frameworks

  • 🔒 Encapsulated styles and logic (no CSS leaks)

  • 🚀 Lightweight and framework-agnostic

  • 🧩 Easy to compose like native HTML elements

✍️ Example: Creating a Web Component

html
<!-- index.html -->
<hello-world></hello-world>

<script>
class HelloWorld extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
const shadow = this.attachShadow({ mode: ‘open’ });
shadow.innerHTML = `<h1>Hello, Web Components!</h1>`;
}
}

customElements.define(‘hello-world’, HelloWorld);
</script>

✅ This defines a <hello-world> custom HTML tag that shows a heading.

🎨 With Shadow DOM and Styles

js
class StyledBox extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
const shadow = this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
shadow.innerHTML = `
<style>
div { background: coral; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; }
</style>
<div><slot></slot></div>
`;
}
}
customElements.define('styled-box', StyledBox);

Usage:

html
<styled-box>Hello in a styled box!</styled-box>

🔗 Use Cases

  • Design systems (custom buttons, modals, etc.)

  • Micro frontends

  • Embeddable widgets (e.g., support chats, rating stars)

  • Reusable UI libraries (used in Salesforce, GitHub, etc.)

🧪 Browser Support

BrowserSupport
Chrome✅ Full
Firefox✅ Full
Safari✅ Full
Edge✅ Full
IE11❌ Not supported

✅ No polyfill needed for modern browsers.

🧰 Tools & Libraries

ToolUse Case
LitSimplified API for building web components
Stencil.jsCompiler to generate standards-based components
SkateJSLightweight wrapper for building UI components
VaadinEnterprise-grade web component UI set

🤔 Web Components vs React/Vue/Angular

FeatureWeb ComponentsReact/Vue/Angular
Framework-free✅ Yes❌ No
Built-in HTML✅ Native❌ Requires compiler
Style isolation✅ Shadow DOM⚠️ Scoped CSS
Ecosystem⚠️ Smaller✅ Large

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