Web Components

web-components

What Are Web Components?

Web Components are a set of modern web platform APIs that allow you to create reusable, encapsulated, custom HTML elements. They work natively in all major browsers without needing a JavaScript framework like React or Vue.

šŸ› ļø Core Technologies of Web Components

ComponentDescription
Custom ElementsDefine your own HTML tags using JavaScript
Shadow DOMEncapsulates styles and markup to avoid conflicts
HTML TemplatesDefine HTML chunks that arenā€™t rendered until used

āœ… Benefits of Web Components

  • ā™»ļø Reusable across projects and frameworks

  • šŸ”’ Encapsulated styles and logic (no CSS leaks)

  • šŸš€ Lightweight and framework-agnostic

  • šŸ§© Easy to compose like native HTML elements

āœļø Example: Creating a Web Component

html
<!-- index.html -->
<hello-world></hello-world>

<script>
class HelloWorld extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
const shadow = this.attachShadow({ mode: ‘open’ });
shadow.innerHTML = `<h1>Hello, Web Components!</h1>`;
}
}

customElements.define(‘hello-world’, HelloWorld);
</script>

āœ… This defines a <hello-world> custom HTML tag that shows a heading.

šŸŽØ With Shadow DOM and Styles

js
class StyledBox extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
const shadow = this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
shadow.innerHTML = `
<style>
div { background: coral; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; }
</style>
<div><slot></slot></div>
`;
}
}
customElements.define('styled-box', StyledBox);

Usage:

html
<styled-box>Hello in a styled box!</styled-box>

šŸ”— Use Cases

  • Design systems (custom buttons, modals, etc.)

  • Micro frontends

  • Embeddable widgets (e.g., support chats, rating stars)

  • Reusable UI libraries (used in Salesforce, GitHub, etc.)

šŸ§Ŗ Browser Support

BrowserSupport
Chromeāœ… Full
Firefoxāœ… Full
Safariāœ… Full
Edgeāœ… Full
IE11āŒ Not supported

āœ… No polyfill needed for modern browsers.

šŸ§° Tools & Libraries

ToolUse Case
LitSimplified API for building web components
Stencil.jsCompiler to generate standards-based components
SkateJSLightweight wrapper for building UI components
VaadinEnterprise-grade web component UI set

šŸ¤” Web Components vs React/Vue/Angular

FeatureWeb ComponentsReact/Vue/Angular
Framework-freeāœ… YesāŒ No
Built-in HTMLāœ… NativeāŒ Requires compiler
Style isolationāœ… Shadow DOMāš ļø Scoped CSS
Ecosystemāš ļø Smallerāœ… Large

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