PWAs

PWAs

📱 What is a PWA (Progressive Web App)?

A Progressive Web App (PWA) is a web application that uses modern web capabilities to deliver an app-like experience to users — directly from the browser.

✅ PWAs combine the reach of the web with the experience of a native app — installable, offline-capable, and fast.

🚀 Key Features of a PWA

FeatureDescription
📲 InstallableUsers can “Add to Home Screen” like a native app
📶 Offline SupportWorks without internet using service workers
⚡ Fast LoadingCaches assets and responses for speed
🔔 Push NotificationsRe-engage users (requires HTTPS + permissions)
🖥️ Responsive DesignWorks on any screen size/device
🔒 Secure (HTTPS)Required for service workers and security
🔄 Auto UpdatesUpdates silently in the background

🛠️ Core Components of a PWA

  1. Manifest File (manifest.json)

    • Describes how your app appears (name, icons, start URL, theme)

  2. Service Worker

    • JS file that runs in the background, enables offline and caching

  3. HTTPS Hosting

    • Mandatory for security (Netlify, Vercel, Firebase Hosting, etc.)

📁 Sample manifest.json

json
{ "name": "My PWA App", "short_name": "PWA", "start_url": "/index.html", "display": "standalone", "background_color": "#ffffff", "theme_color": "#0d0d0d", "icons": [ { "src": "/icons/icon-192.png", "sizes": "192x192", "type": "image/png" } ] }

🧠 Basic Service Worker Example

js
// sw.js self.addEventListener('install', e => { e.waitUntil( caches.open('static-cache').then(cache => { return cache.addAll(['/', '/index.html', '/styles.css']); }) ); }); self.addEventListener('fetch', e => { e.respondWith( caches.match(e.request).then(response => { return response || fetch(e.request); }) ); });

Register it in your app:

js
if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { navigator.serviceWorker.register('/sw.js'); }

✅ PWA Checklist

RequirementMust Have
Manifest file✅
Service worker✅
Served over HTTPS✅
Responsive UI✅
Works offline✅
Fast initial load✅
Installable prompt✅

Use Lighthouse to test PWA compliance.

🧰 Tools & Frameworks for PWAs

Tool / FrameworkPWA Support
React (CRA)Built-in serviceWorker.js
Next.jsPlugin: next-pwa
Vue.jsOfficial PWA plugin
SvelteKitUse vite-plugin-pwa
WorkboxGoogle’s library for advanced service worker handling

🧑‍💻 Use Cases for PWAs

  • 📰 News apps (offline reading)

  • 🛒 E-commerce (faster repeat visits)

  • 📱 Social platforms

  • 🎮 Web games

  • 📚 Educational platforms

✅ Benefits Over Native Apps

PWANative App
No app store neededRequires submission/review
One codebase (HTML/JS/CSS)Platform-specific (iOS, Android)
Fast updatesSlower, often user-dependent
Easier to deployComplex release cycles

📦 Deploying a PWA

You can host PWAs on:

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